Leader Cells and COVID-19: The Hidden Key to Tissue Damage and Recovery

Abstract

Leader cells, specialized cells that guide collective cell migration and coordinate tissue function, have been increasingly recognized for their role in maintaining tissue integrity. However, emerging evidence suggests that these cells may also serve as key targets for pathogenic invasion, particularly during viral infections such as COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has been shown to cause severe tissue damage, particularly in the respiratory system. Understanding the role of leader cells in this process could offer new insights into disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic interventions

The respiratory epithelium serves as the first line of defense against airborne pathogens, and its integrity is essential for normal pulmonary function. Leader cells within the respiratory epithelium coordinate tissue repair and cellular responses to environmental stressors. However, during SARS-CoV-2 infection, these cells may be preferentially targeted, leading to widespread tissue dysfunction. Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 enters cells via the ACE2 receptor, which is highly expressed in respiratory epithelial cells, including leader cells [1]. When these critical coordinators are impaired or destroyed, the ability of the epithelium to mount an effective regenerative response is compromised, potentially exacerbating lung injury and respiratory failure.