Effect of Dialysis in chronic renal failure on some ‎biochemical variants

الملخص

Background: Hemodialysis is a critical therapeutic intervention for patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), aimed at removing metabolic waste products and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. Regular monitoring of biochemical parameters is essential to assess dialysis efficacy and patient outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal changes and correlations among selected serum biochemical markers in CRF patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis over a four-week period. Methods: A longitudinal observational study was conducted on 110 patients (54 males, 56 females) with CRF undergoing hemodialysis at a hospital in Babylon, Iraq, between October 2025 and February 2026. Serum samples were collected weekly for four weeks post-dialysis. Biochemical parameters including urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, hemoglobin, iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), albumin, and phosphorus were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0, with one-way ANOVA and independent t-tests applied to compare mean differences across weeks. Results: Significant reductions were observed in serum urea (from 46.18 mmol/L in week 1 to 4.74 mmol/L in week 4) and creatinine (from 761.53 µmol/L to 158.6 µmol/L) over the four weeks (p < 0.0001 for both). Calcium levels decreased progressively (p = 0.010), while iron, TIBC, and albumin showed fluctuating trends with significant overall changes (p < 0.0001). Sodium, potassium, hemoglobin, and phosphorus did not show statistically significant changes. A strong positive correlation was noted between urea and creatinine, while TIBC showed a significant negative correlation with urea. Conclusion: Hemodialysis effectively reduces serum urea and creatinine levels in patients with chronic renal failure, confirming its role in waste product clearance. However, fluctuations in other biochemical markers highlight the need for comprehensive monitoring and individualized dietary and therapeutic adjustments. Further large-scale, controlled studies are warranted to optimize dialysis protocols and improve patient outcomes.